The kit is composed of one vial of PEGylated doxorubicin liposomes and one vial of PEGylated control liposomes. PEGylated doxorubicin liposome formulation is similar to commercial Doxil in size, lipid composition and the amount of encapsulated drug. The formulation is for research purposes only and for injection to laboratory animals. Doxorubicin drug is already loaded into the liposomes using remote loading by ammonium sulfate gradient. The formulation is ready for injection. The control formulation of PEGylated doxorubicin is similar to PEGylated doxorubicin in size and lipid composition, but it does not contain doxorubicin drug. The formulation is made in ammonium sulfate gradient. Surface reactive liposome formulations suitable for conjugation to various antibodies, proteins, peptides and ligands are also available. For more information about surface reactive liposomes (Immunsome) see here. For more information about surface reactive doxorubicin liposomes (Immundox) suitable for conjugation see here.

The kit is composed of one vial of PEGylated doxorubicin liposomes and one vial of PEGylated control liposomes. PEGylated doxorubicin liposome formulation is similar to commercial Doxil in size, lipid composition and the amount of encapsulated drug. The formulation is for research purposes only and for injection to laboratory animals. Doxorubicin drug is already loaded into the liposomes using remote loading by ammonium sulfate gradient. The formulation is ready for injection. The control formulation of PEGylated doxorubicin is similar to PEGylated doxorubicin in size and lipid composition, but it does not contain doxorubicin drug. The formulation is made in ammonium sulfate gradient. Surface reactive liposome formulations suitable for conjugation to various antibodies, proteins, peptides and ligands are also available. For more information about surface reactive liposomes (Immunsome) see here. For more information about surface reactive doxorubicin liposomes (Immundox) suitable for conjugation see here.

Non-PEGylated doxorubicin liposome comes in a three-vial kit and has a lipid composition and liposome size similar to commercial Myocet. Doxorubicin drug cannot be pre-loaded to the liposomes in the same way that is pre-loaded into the PEGylated liposomes. The matrix liposome in PEGylated liposome is hydrogenated soy PC which is a saturated lipid and creates a tight packed liposome suitable for pre-loading and holding the drug inside the liposomes. The matrix lipid in this formulation is L–phosphatidylcholine which is an unsaturated lipid. It makes a loose packed membrane and therefore, it cannot hold the drug for a long time. The doxorubicin drug should be loaded into the liposomes moments before use. The kit comes in three vials. The first vial contains a very concentrated solution of liposomes. The liposomes are made in citrate buffer at pH 4. The second vial is composed of sodium carbonate at pH 11.4. Adding vial 2 to vial 1 makes a pH gradient around the lipid membrane. Due to the difference in the pH inside and outside of the liposomes, there will be a constant flux of proton from the inside to the outside of the liposomes. Due to this flux, doxorubicin molecules move in the opposite direction from the outside to the inside of the liposomes. During the remote loading process, due to pH gradient, the doxorubicin drug is able to freely pass into the liposomes where it is bound by hydrogen and nanocrystals of doxorubicin citrate salt to form larger doxorubicin compounds. As the new doxorubicin complexes are formed, they come together to form one of the three different shapes inside the liposomes. A long singular band that stretches the membrane, a closed circular band or an opened U-shaped band. The circular and U-shaped complexes are the most common ones. Doxorubicin liposomes that are formed by remote loading using pH gradient should be used immediately. PEGylated formulation of doxorubicin liposomes is also available. For more information see here.

Non-PEGylated doxorubicin liposome comes in a three-vial kit and has a lipid composition and liposome size similar to commercial Myocet. Doxorubicin drug cannot be pre-loaded to the liposomes in the same way that is pre-loaded into the PEGylated liposomes. The matrix liposome in PEGylated liposome is hydrogenated soy PC which is a saturated lipid and creates a tight packed liposome suitable for pre-loading and holding the drug inside the liposomes. The matrix lipid in this formulation is L–phosphatidylcholine which is an unsaturated lipid. It makes a loose packed membrane and therefore, it cannot hold the drug for a long time. The doxorubicin drug should be loaded into the liposomes moments before use. The kit comes in three vials. The first vial contains a very concentrated solution of liposomes. The liposomes are made in citrate buffer at pH 4. The second vial is composed of sodium carbonate at pH 11.4. Adding vial 2 to vial 1 makes a pH gradient around the lipid membrane. Due to the difference in the pH inside and outside of the liposomes, there will be a constant flux of proton from the inside to the outside of the liposomes. Due to this flux, doxorubicin molecules move in the opposite direction from the outside to the inside of the liposomes. During the remote loading process, due to pH gradient, the doxorubicin drug is able to freely pass into the liposomes where it is bound by hydrogen and nanocrystals of doxorubicin citrate salt to form larger doxorubicin compounds. As the new doxorubicin complexes are formed, they come together to form one of the three different shapes inside the liposomes. A long singular band that stretches the membrane, a closed circular band or an opened U-shaped band. The circular and U-shaped complexes are the most common ones. Doxorubicin liposomes that are formed by remote loading using pH gradient should be used immediately. PEGylated formulation of doxorubicin liposomes is also available. For more information see here.

For most surface reactive liposome formulations, the reactive lipid is incorporated into the liposomes and the ligand, protein or peptide is conjugated directly to the liposomes that contain reactive lipids. However, this strategy might not work if the reactive lipid is prone to hydrolysis such as maleimide or NHS lipid. In order to get around this issue, the liposomes are made without the PEGylated (reactive and non-reactive) lipids. The scientist who is planning to use the kit will conjugate the ligand, protein or peptide to the reactive lipid. Next, the buffer is added to the lipid-conjugated ligand and micelle solution is formed. Another micelle solution is formed after the PEGylated non-reactive lipid is hydrated with the buffer. The two micelle solutions are mixed and incubated together at a temperature above the liquid-to-gel phase transition temperature of the HSPC (saturated matrix lipid). The PEGylated lipids in the micelles insert themselves with a high efficiency (above 80%) to the liposomes and form the immunoliposomes. Surface reactive doxorubicin liposomes (using various types of chemistries) suitable for conjugation of various antibodies, proteins, peptides and ligands are also available. For more information about surface reactive doxorubicin liposomes (Immundox) see here.