Harlan TD.88137 高脂饲料 Adjusted Kcal Diet （42% from fat)
Harlan Teklad动物饲料
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Harlan TD.88137 高脂饲料 Adjusted Kcal Diet （42% from fat)
A staple of atherosclerosis research
More than 25 years ago, our nutritionists collaborated with researchers at Rockefeller University to develop a diet with features of a ‘Western Diet’ to characterize and enhance atherosclerosis development in their newly generated Apoe deficient mouse model. With over 200 unique users worldwide, TD.88137 continues to be fed to genetically modified cardiovascular models to accelerate and enhance hypercholesterolemia and plaque formation.
Formula                                             g/Kg
Casein                                              195.0
DL-Methionine                                     3.0
Sucrose                                            341.46
Corn Starch                                       150.0
Andydrous Milkfat                               210.0
Cholesterol                                          1.5
Cellulose                                              50.0
Mineral Mix, AIN-76 (170915)               35.0
Calcium Carbonate                               4.0
Vitamin Mix, Teklad (40060)                10.0
Ethoxyquin                                          0.04
Critical dietary features of TD.88137 related to atherosclerosis development include:
++Cholesterol (0.2% total cholesterol)
++Total fat (21% by weight; 42% kcal from fat)
++High in saturated fatty acids  (>60% of total fatty acids)
++High sucrose (34% by weight)
Typical fatty acid profile of TD.88137
Typical fatty acid analysis,% of diet1                   Mean                             SD
Total                                                                    20.7                                1.5
Saturated fat                                                       12.8                                0.8
Monounsaturated fat                                             5.6                                0.5
Polyunsaturated fat                                             1.0                                  0.2
Unknown2                                                           1.3                                   0.3
Selected nutrient information1
Key points from the literature
TD.88137 has been used to accelerate atherosclerosis development in Apoe and Ldlr deficient models:
++In Apoe deficient mice, plasma cholesterol triples to >1500 mg/dL within three weeks (1, 2). Foam cell and lesion development occurs within 6-10 weeks
(2-4). Fibrous plaque formation is observed at 15 weeks with the development of fibrous caps after 20 weeks (2).
++Ldlr deficient mice fed for two weeks increase plasma cholesterol to >800 mg/dL and triglyceride to >300 mg/dL (5). After six weeks of feeding, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia develop with small foam cell lesions in the aortic
arch (6, 7).
With over 420 citations, uses of TD.88137 continue to evolve and include atherosclerosis, obesity, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), osteoporosis,
hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Contact us for a more extensive reference list.
Control diet options for TD.88137
Natural ingredient diets
++Also referred to as standard diets or chow
++Diets differ in the source and level of nutrients as well as the presence of non-nutritive factors (such as phytates or phytoestrogens) compared
to TD.88137
++Limits inferences to differences in dietary pattern versus a specific dietary component
Ingredient matched, low fat diets
++Controls for the type of ingredients, non-nutritive components and the source and level of specific nutrients
++Suggested ingredient matched, low fat dietary controls for TD.88137 listed below; data sheets can be found on our website at envigo.com
Suggested ingredient matched, low fat controls

References  参考文献
1. Plump, A.S., et al., Severe hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in
apolipoprotein E-deficient mice created by homologous recombination in
ES cells. Cell, 1992. 71(2): p. 343-53.
2. Nakashima, Y., et al., Apoe-deficient mice develop lesions of all phases of
atherosclerosis throughout the arterial tree. Arterioscler Thromb, 1994.
14(1): p. 133-40.
3. Febbraio, M., et al., Targeted disruption of the class B scavenger receptor
CD36 protects against atherosclerotic lesion development in mice.
J Clin Invest, 2000. 105(8): p. 1049-56.
4. Nakashima, Y., et al., Upregulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 at atherosclerosis-prone
sites on the endothelium in the Apoe-deficient mouse. Arterioscler Thromb
Vasc Biol, 1998. 18(5): p. 842-51.
5. Towler, D.A., et al., Diet-induced diabetes activates an osteogenic gene regulatory
program in the aortas of low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice.
J Biol Chem, 1998. 273(46): p. 30427-34.
6. Tsuchiya, K., et al., FoxOs integrate pleiotropic actions of insulin in vascular
endothelium to protect mice from atherosclerosis. Cell Metab, 2012. 15(3): p. 372-81.
7. Huszar, D., et al., Increased LDL cholesterol and atherosclerosis in LDL receptordeficient
mice with attenuated expression of scavenger receptor B1. Arterioscler
Thromb Vasc Biol, 2000. 20(4): p. 1068-73.
8. Yang, B., et al., Changes of skeletal muscle adiponectin content in diet-induced
insulin resistant rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2006. 341(1): p. 209-17.
9. Schafer, K., et al., Leptin promotes vascular remodeling and neointimal growth
in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2004. 24(1): p. 112-7.
10. Lijnen, H.R., et al., Nutritionally induced obesity is attenuated in transgenic mice
overexpressing plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc
Biol, 2003. 23(1): p. 78-84.
11. Maquoi, E., et al., Modulation of adipose tissue expression of murine matrix
metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors with obesity. Diabetes, 2002.
51(4): p. 1093-101.
12. VanSaun MN, et al. 2009. High fat diet induced hepatic steatosis establishes a
permissive microenvironment for colorectal metastases and promotes primary
dysplasia in a murine model. Am J Pathol 175:355-64.
13. Dixon LJ, et al. 2013. Caspase-1 as a central regulator of high fat diet-induced
non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. PLoS One 8:e56100.

Harlan 动脉粥样硬化(胆固醇、脂肪、胆酸盐) 饲料Atherogenic
Harlan Teklad动物饲料
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Harlan 动脉粥样硬化(胆固醇、脂肪、胆酸盐) 饲料Atherogenic
Atherogenic

*Sodium cholate or cholic acid aid cholesterol and fat absorption and reduce cholesterol disposal via bile acid synthesis. However, if including a cholate source is not desired for your research, diets without cholate are available.
*Sodium cholate or cholic acid aid cholesterol and fat absorption and reduce cholesterol disposal via bile acid synthesis.However, if including a cholate source is not desired for your research, diets without cholate are available.

“Western” purified atherogenic diet
“Western” style diets are fed to genetically-modified cardiovascular models, such as Apoe and Ldlr deficient mice, to accelerate and enhance hypercholesterolemia and plaque formation and to elicit phenotypes commonly associated with metabolic syndrome.Within the atherogenic literature, a “Western” diet typically is described as a purified rodent diet with 20-23% milkfat/butterfat, 0.2% total cholesterol, and 34% sucrose by weight.TD.88137is an example of a “Western” style diet that was originally designed to characterize and enhance atherosclerosis development in a newly generated Apoe-deficient mouse model.Contact us for more information about “Western” style diets, modifications, or possible control diets.
Examples:
TD.88137Adjusted calories diet (42% from fat, 0.2% total cholesterol)
TD.1088545% fat Kcal diet (0.2% total cholesterol)
Research use:
Accelerated hypercholesterolemia and plaque formation in genetically-modified models, such as Apoe and Ldlr deficient mice.
Used for diet-induced obesity in a variety of rodent models.
Key dietary features:
High Fat Diet (20-23% by weight; 40 – 45% kcal from fat)
Saturated fatty acids (SFA >60% of total fatty acids)
Milkfat/butterfat
Sucrose (34% by weight)
Cholesterol (0.2% total)
References:
1.Febbraio, M., et al., Targeted disruption of the class B scavenger receptor CD36 protects against atherosclerotic lesion development in mice.J Clin Invest, 2000.105(8): p.1049-56.
2.Huszar, D., et al., Increased LDL cholesterol and atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice with attenuated expression of scavenger receptor B1.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2000.20(4): p.1068-73.
3.Nakashima, Y., et al., ApoE-deficient mice develop lesions of all phases of atherosclerosis throughout the arterial tree.Arterioscler Thromb, 1994.14(1): p.133-40.
4.Nakashima, Y., et al., Upregulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 at atherosclerosis-prone sites on the endothelium in the ApoE-deficient mouse.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 1998.18(5): p.842-51.
5.Plump, A.S., et al., Severe hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice created by homologous recombination in ES cells.Cell, 1992.71(2): p.343-53.
6.Towler, D.A., et al., Diet-induced diabetes activates an osteogenic gene regulatory program in the aortas of low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice.J Biol Chem, 1998.273(46): p.30427-34.
7,Tsuchiya, K., et al., FoxOs integrate pleiotropic actions of insulin in vascular endothelium to protect mice from atherosclerosis.Cell Metab, 2012.15(3): p.372-81.
“Western” purified atherogenic diet with added cholesterol and cholate source*
Wild type mice and rats generally are resistant to atherosclerosis, requiring more extreme dietary manipulation to modify lipoprotein profiles and develop mild atherosclerosis (foam cells, fatty streaks).Modern formulations are made completely of purified ingredients because this more refined approach has been reported to decrease the incidence of gallstones and liver damage associated with less refined and more traditional dietary approaches.To induce mild atherosclerosis in wild type animals, the “Western” purified diet can be modified to increase cholesterol (1-1.25%) and add a bile salt such as sodium cholate or cholic acid.Contact us for more information, modifications, or possible control diets.
Examples of purified high fat diets with added cholesterol and cholate source*:
TD.0202821% milkfat (1.25% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid)
TD.0923715% milkfat diet (1% cholesterol, 0.5% sodium cholate)
Examples of purified high fat diets with added cholesterol (without cholate source):
TD.9612121% milkfat (1.25% cholesterol)
Research Use:
Induce hypercholesterolemia and mild atherosclerosis (foam cells, fatty streaks) primarily in wild type mice and rats.
Will not promote obesity.
Key dietary features:
High fat diet (15-20% by weight; 34 – 45% kcal from fat)
Saturated fatty acids (SFA >55% of total fatty acids)
Milkfat/butterfat, cocoa butter
Sucrose (30-50% by weight)
Cholesterol (1 – 1.25%)
Cholate source (0.5%)*
References:
1.Bernal, C., et al., Lipid biomarkers and metabolic effects of lycopene from tomato juice on liver of rats with induced hepatic steatosis.J Nutr Biochem, 2013.24(11): p.1870-81.
2.Gao, Q., et al., Atherogenic diets exacerbate colitis in mice deficient in glutathione peroxidase.Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2010.16(12): p.2043-54.
3.Lichtman, A.H., et al., Hyperlipidemia and atherosclerotic lesion development in LDL receptor-deficient mice fed defined semipurified diets with and without cholate.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 1999.19(8): p.1938-44.
4.Marcondes, M.C., et al., Effects of chronic mental stress and atherogenic diet on the immune inflammatory environment in mouse aorta.Brain Behav Immun, 2011.25(8): p.1649-57.
5.Nishina, P.M., et al., Effects of dietary fats from animal and plant sources on diet-induced fatty streak lesions in C57BL/6J mice.J Lipid Res, 1993.34(8): p.1413-22.
6.Nishina, P.M., et al., Atherosclerosis and plasma and liver lipids in nine inbred strains of mice.Lipids, 1993.28(7): p.599-605.
7.Yue, P., et al., Enhanced hepatic apoA-I secretion and peripheral efflux of cholesterol and phospholipid in CD36 null mice.PLoS One, 2010.5(3): p.e9906.
8.Nishina, P.M., J. Verstuyft, and B. Paigen, Synthetic low and high fat diets for the study of atherosclerosis in the mouse.J Lipid Res, 1990.31(5): p.859-69.
*Sodium cholate or cholic acid aid cholesterol and fat absorption and reduce cholesterol disposal via bile acid synthesis.However, if including a cholate source is not desired for your research, diets without cholate are available.SeeTD.96121for a purified diet andTD.94059for a hybrid diet.Contact us for additional options.
Hybrid high fat diets with added cholesterol and cholate source*
Beverly Paigen and colleagues first characterized atherosclerosis development in C57BL/6 mice by feeding a hybrid atherogenic diet.The hybrid diet was created by mixing a natural ingredient mouse diet in a 3:1 ratio with a concentrated purified diet (containing 5% cholesterol and 2% sodium cholate; referred to as Thomas-Hartroft diet).The resulting mixture recreated inTD.88051/TD.90221(same formula) contains ~15.8% fat, 1.25% cholesterol, and 0.5% sodium cholate.This group later compared the hybrid atherogenic diet approach to the more modern “western” purified atherogenic diet with added cholesterol and cholate and found that the hybrid atherogenic diet induced more gallstones and liver damage.Hybrid diets contain a variety of unrefined ingredients that may modify lipid metabolism and atherogenesis and do not allow for precise control of ingredients and nutrients for the study of chronic diseases.Although more refined diets have been developed, hybrid atherogenic diets are still popular for inducing mild atherosclerosis and gallstones in wild type mice and rats.Contact us for more information, modifications, or possible control diets.
Examples of hybrid high-fat diets with added cholesterol and cholate source*:
TD.88051andTD.90221(same formula) are Teklad product codes for hybrid atherogenic diets
Example of hybrid high-fat diet with added cholesterol (without cholate source):
TD.94059
Research Use:
Induce hypercholesterolemia and mild atherosclerosis (foam cells, fatty streaks) primarily in wild type mice and rats.
Will not promote obesity.
Also used for lithogenic (gallstone) rodent studies.
Key dietary features:
75% rodent breeder diet; 25% purified ingredients
High fat (~15% by weight; 37% kcal from fat)
Saturated fatty acids (SFA >45% of total fatty acids)
Cholesterol (1.25%)
Cholate source (0.5%)*
References:
1.Nishina, P.M., J. Verstuyft, and B. Paigen, Synthetic low and high fat diets for the study of atherosclerosis in the mouse.J Lipid Res, 1990.31(5): p.859-69.
2.Clee, S.M., et al., Plasma and vessel wall lipoprotein lipase have different roles in atherosclerosis.J Lipid Res, 2000.41(4): p.521-31.
3.George, J., et al., Enhanced fatty streak formation in C57BL/6J mice by immunization with heat shock protein-65.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 1999.19(3): p.505-10.
4.Miyake, J.H., et al., Transgenic expression of cholesterol-7-alpha-hydroxylase prevents atherosclerosis in C57BL/6J mice.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2002.22(1): p.121-6.
5.Paigen, B., et al., Quantitative assessment of atherosclerotic lesions in mice.Atherosclerosis, 1987.68(3): p.231-40.
6.Schreyer, S.A., D.L. Wilson, and R.C. LeBoeuf, C57BL/6 mice fed high fat diets as models for diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis.Atherosclerosis, 1998.136(1): p.17-24.
7.Vergnes, L., et al., Cholesterol and cholate components of an atherogenic diet induce distinct stages of hepatic inflammatory gene expression.J Biol Chem, 2003.278(44): p.42774-84.
*Sodium cholate or cholic acid aid cholesterol and fat absorption and reduce cholesterol disposal via bile acid synthesis.However, if including a cholate source is not desired for your research, diets without cholate are available.SeeTD.96121for a purified diet andTD.94059for a hybrid diet.Contact us for additional options.
Standard diets with added cholesterol
Standard, natural ingredient diets with cholesterol added are fed to induce hypercholesterolemia.Various levels of cholesterol, fat, and/or bile salts can be added to one of the numerous standard rodent diets stocked by Envigo Teklad.For many applications, adding these components to Envigo’s minimal-to-moderate phytoestrogen global rodent diets is recommended.Our minimal phytoestrogen global rodent diets are soybean meal free, limiting the effect of phytoestrogens on your research outcomes.Soybean meal, a common dietary source of phytoestrogens, has been shown to decrease aortic fatty streak development and modify plasma cholesterol, which may reduce the risk of developing atherosclerosis.Limiting dietary soybean meal may reduce confounding variables within your dietary-induced atherosclerosis model.Contact a nutritionist to discuss additional diet options.
Examples of minimal and moderate phytoestrogen rodent diets with added cholesterol:
TD.1200971% cholesterol diet (2020 – minimal phytoestrogens)
TD.078412% cholesterol diet (2016 – minimal phytoestrogens)
TD.013832% cholesterol (2018 – Moderate phytoestrogens)
Research use:
Induce hypercholesterolemia in genetically-modified and wild type models without promoting obesity.
Key dietary features:
Standard, grain-based rodent diet
Minimal/moderate phytoestrogen diets recommended
Cholesterol (1 – 4%)
References:
1.Belch, J.J., et al., Longitudinal assessment of endothelial function in the microvasculature of mice in-vivo.Microvasc Res, 2013.85: p.86-92.
2.Hartvigsen, K., et al., A diet-induced hypercholesterolemic murine model to study atherogenesis without obesity and metabolic syndrome.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2007.27(4): p.878-85.
Diets for additional animal models of atherosclerosis
Rabbits, hamsters, and swine are common models of atherosclerosis.Contact a nutritionist for information and formula examples.Seerabbit, swine and other speciesfor information and formula examples.
“西方”纯正致动脉粥样硬化饮食

Harlan MCD饲料 TD.90262 Methionine/Choline Deficient Diet
品牌：Harlan Teklad
货号：TD.90262
英文名称：Methionine/Choline Deficient Diet
别名：MCD饲料
Harlan Teklad动物饲料
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Harlan MCD饲料 TD.90262 Methionine/Choline Deficient Diet
 

Harlan TD.96208氯化钠调节饲料 NaCl dite
Harlan Teklad动物饲料
Harlan代理
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NaCl adjusted (natural ingredient) | Harlan
The sodium content of natural ingredients such as corn, wheat, and soybean meal is low. Thus, these ingredients can be used to create a base diet that is sodium deficient. To this base diet, various amounts of sodium chloride salt (NaCl) can be added, and other ingredients adjusted slightly to maintain a relatively constant nutrient profile (with the exception of sodium and chloride). Below are examples from a popular series of adjusted NaCl diets. Contact us for more information.

* When added to natural ingredient diets, these water soluble food dyes offer a slight color tint. More intense color can be achieved at higher inclusion rates.
Ask a nutritionist about additional salt concentrations or color options.
These diets are grain-based, with no animal derived ingredients, and have a background sodium content of approx. 0.01-0.02% and a background chloride content of approx. 0.06-0.07%. The selected nutrient content of the diets are as follows: approximately 19% protein, 5% fat, 3% crude fiber, 0.86% Ca, 0.64% P, 0.72% K, and 0.15% Mg.
NaCl adjusted diets are often fed to dahl salt-sensitive/resistant (rapp) inbred rats. These rats are maintained on Teklad traditional diet 7034 (0.12% NaCl) within maximum security production facilities.

盐调节(天然成分)

玉米、小麦、豆粕等天然成分的钠含量较低。因此，这些成分可以用来制造一种缺乏钠的基础饮食。在这一基础日粮中，可以添加各种量的氯化钠盐(NaCl)，其他成分也可以稍加调整，以保持相对稳定的营养状况(除钠和氯化物外)。下面是一系列受欢迎的调整NaCl饮食的例子。欲了解更多信息，请与我们联系。

*将这些水溶性食物染料加入天然成分的饮食中，可提供轻微的色泽。在较高的包合率下可以获得更强烈的颜色。
向营养师询问额外的盐浓度或颜色选择。
这些饮食是以谷物为基础的，没有动物来源的成分，并且背景钠含量约为。0.01-0.02%，背景氯含量约为0.01-0.02%.0.06-0.07%。日粮的营养成分为：蛋白质约19%，脂肪5%，粗纤维3%，钙0.86%，磷0.64%，钾0.72%，镁0.15%。
食盐调节后的饲料通常喂给Dahl盐敏感/耐盐(Rapp)近交系大鼠.这些老鼠传统饮食7034(0.12%NaCl)在最大安全生产设施内。
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Harlan肥胖模型高酯饲料 Diet induced obesity
Harlan Teklad动物饲料
Harlan代理
欢迎新老客户访问Harlan官网或者咨询中国代理商上海金畔生物获取更多详细资料。
Harlan肥胖高酯模型
Diet induced obesity
 
Purified high fat diets used to induce obesity and obesity-related complications such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome typically have 40-60% of energy derived from fat. The diet tables below summarize relevant diet features for several Teklad custom research diets commonly used in rodent models.
Teklad also creates high-fat diets for other species, including pigs, primates, and dogs. Contact us to discuss the use of these diets or one that better meets your needs.

*Control diets can be designed in several ways, depending on what features the researcher wants to modify relative to the high-fat diet. These are just a few examples.

饮食诱导肥胖

用于诱导肥胖和肥胖相关并发症(如糖尿病和代谢综合征)的纯化高脂饮食通常有40-60%的能量来源于脂肪。下面的饮食表总结了一些特克拉德定制研究饮食的相关饮食特征，这些研究饮食通常用于啮齿类动物模型。
泰克乐还为其他物种，包括猪、灵长类动物和狗创造高脂肪饮食。联系我们讨论使用这些饮食或更好地满足您的需要。

*控制饮食可以通过几种方式来设计，这取决于研究人员相对于高脂肪饮食想要改变什么特征。这些只是几个例子。

Diets for diet-induced obesity (DIO)
Diets with 55-60% of calories from fat like TD.06414 and TD.93075 are commonly used for inducing obesity in rodents. While considered extreme compared to typical human fat consumption, these diets are effective in initiating rapid weight gain in most rodents. With higher fat content there is less room for carbohydrate, thus the carbohydrate (particularly sucrose) amount is relatively low compared to other obesity inducing diets. If you are interested in high fat and high carbohydrate, look at diets with 40-45% of calories from fat (often referred to as western diets).
As the fat level increases, pellet quality (durability) is often compromised. Some higher fat formulas are available only in non-pelleted form or require specific carbohydrate, maltodextrin, for pelleting. Depending on the fat and carbohydrate sources used, the non-pelleted form could be dense and crumbly, dough-like, or paste-like. Though a little more challenging to work with, non-pelleted diet is still used by many researchers for diet-induced obesity models as these researchers suspect the softer form may enhance obesity development.
Diets with 40-45% of calories from fat, like TD.95217, TD.88137, TD.06415, and TD.08811, represent another popular diet pattern for diet-induced obesity work. These diets have double or triple the amount of sucrose found in higher fat diets. High levels of simple carbohydrate like sucrose and fructose may help to promote hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and fatty liver. Diets with a pattern of high sucrose and high saturated or trans fat are often referred to as “Western Diets” in obesity and cardiovascular fields. Some “Western Diets” have further modifications to the fatty acid profile or even specific vitamin and minerals adjustments to be even more closely matched to a Western Diet pattern. For specific fatty acid modifications, see examples on our fat/lipid adjusted diets page.
Diets for diet-induced diabetes
Many of the same diets used for inducing obesity in rodents can be used to enhance diabetes related phenotypes like insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. However, fasting hyperglycemia characteristic of diabetes (glucose > 200 mg/dL) is uncommon with a diet only approach. Pre-feeding a high fat diet to induce a certain level of obesity and insulin resistance and then giving low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) may be an effective approach if overt hyperglycemia is desired.
Ingredient matched, low-fat DIO control diets
There are many options with different levels and types of fat in addition to different types of carbohydrate ranging from sucrose (highly refined, simple digestion) to corn starch (refined, but more complex) to resistant starch (refined, but not fully digestible). A very basic purified control diet would be AIN-93M (TD.94048) or AIN-93G (TD.94045). AIN-93 diets have a moderate amount of sucrose at ~10%, and fat is from soybean oil with a healthy fatty acid profile. Additional examples of controls for specific DIO diets can be found in the above tables.
Many researchers choose to compare their high fat fed animals to animals fed a natural ingredient, grain-based diet (also referred to as standard diets or chow). These diets differ in the source and level of nutrients as well as in the presence of non-nutritive factors (such as phytates or phytoestrogens). Depending on what your main comparisons are, it may be suitable to have a grain-based diet as your control/reference group. However, making such comparisons limits inferences to dietary patterns versus a specific dietary component.